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English, one level below transfer (i.e., eligibility for English composition (C-ID ENGL 100) and reading a course with an exiting skill of ability to read a college level text.

1. Cultural definitions

    a. Health

    b. Disease

    c. Healing

    d. Doctor

2. Contemporary western medicine

    a. Health perspective

    b. Etiology of disease

    c. Principles

        1. Cartesian

        2. Mechanistic

        3. Scientific method

    d. Biomedical model and approach

        1. Healing/curing

    e. Medical interventions and treatment

    f.  Placebo effect

3. Non-western healing systems

    a. Shamanic healing

        1. Health perspectives

        2. Etiology of disease

        3. Principles

        4. Philosophy of healing/curing

        5. Healing techniques and therapies

        6. Healing traditions

    b. Eastern healing systems

        1. Health perspectives

        2. Etiology of disease

        3. Principles

        4. Philosophy

        5. Whole Medical Systems

            a. Traditional Chinese medicine

            b. Ayurveda

4. Integrative medicine/Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)

    a. Complementary

        1. Practices used together with conventional medicine

    b. Alternative

        1. Practices used to replace conventional medicine

5. Factors that influence disease risk and health outcomes

    a. Social

        1. Support systems

    b. Psychological

        1. Personality types

    c. Emotional

        1. Stress and relaxation

6. Role of energy

    a. Disease risk

    b. Health outcomes

    c. Eastern healing philosophies

    d. Shamanic healing perspectives

    e. Scientific perspective

7. Role of spirituality/faith/religion

    a. Disease risk

    b. Health outcomes

    c. Eastern healing philosophies

    d. Shamanic healing perspectives

    e. Scientific perspective

8. Role of gender

    a. Women healers and scientists in western societies

    b. Women healers in non-western, Whole Medical Systems

    c. Disease risk

    d. Health outcomes

9. Healing agents

    a. Pharmaceuticals

    b. Synthetics

    c. Plants, herbs, and oils

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1. Describe how the concepts of health and disease are culturally defined.

2. Explain the historical events that influenced the emphasis on physical health in Western medicine.

3. Distinguish the difference between complementary medicine and alternative medicine.

4. Describe the main principles of healing from a non-western, Whole Medical System, such as traditional Chinese medicine or ayurvedic medicine.

5. Compare and contrast the underlying principles of western medicine to other non-western healing, such as shamanic and traditional Chinese medicine.

6. Analyze the scientific research on the role of emotions in heart health and disease.

7. Describe the role of energy in disease according to a non-western healing system and apply that to a prevalent disease in the United States.

8. Describe the concept and importance of spirituality in multiple healing systems and perspectives.

9. Describe the role of women as healers in contemporary western medicine and non-western healing perspectives.

10. Compare and contrast the principles behind the use of pharmaceuticals as healing agents and other healing alternatives, such as plants, herbs, and oils.

May include:

Exams

Quizzes

Written Assignments

Projects

Karren, Keith, et. al. Mind/Body/Health: The Effects of Attitudes, Emotions, and Relationships

Eliopoulos, Charlotte, An Invitation to Wholistic Health